Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Bio‐Based Furan Epoxy Resins with High Crosslink Density

This work outlines an interesting approach to bioepoxy resins from sustainable 2,5‐bis((oxiran‐2‐ylmethoxy)methyl)furan (BOF). The 3,3′‐diamino diphenyl‐sulfone (33DDS) and 4,4′‐diamino diphenyl‐sulfone (44DDS) are employed as hardeners. For comparison, petro‐based networks from diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) are developed as well. The systematic analyses suggest that the BOF/DDS networks show higher crosslink densities and mechanical properties than DGEBA/DDS thermosets. Remarkably, an attractive multilayer tubular microstructure is fabricated in the BOF/44DDS thermosets, and it greatly enhances the mechanical performance. Apart from that, BOF/DDS composites exhibit excellent flame retardancy. Especially, for BOF/44DDS, the self‐extinguishment happens in 7 s. The fire retardant mechanism confirms that a low heat release rate and heat release capacity as well as a compact char layer occur in the pyrolysis of BOF/DDS. Thus, the BOF/DDS exhibits superior performance over its DGEBA counterparts and meets a wide variety of requirements in engineering.     

Up-pulling force analysis for ESC hollow cylindrical casting

Electroslag casting(ESC)is an important method to produce high quality castings.In this study,the ESC up-pulling inner mold method(EUPIM)was used to produce hollow cylindrical castings with the multiple consumable electrodes.The radial deformation,the axial and radial internal stress of the inner mold,and the axial internal stress of the slag shell were analyzed using the finite element method(FEM)with the aid of ANSYS software.The ProCAST software was used to calculate the specific heat,heat conductivity and density curve of Cu.Simulation results show that the radial deformation,the axial and radial internal stress of the inner mold,and the axial internal stress of the slag shell near the slag-metal interface of hollow cylndrical casting gradually increase from 0 s to 360 s after the ESC starting(slagging)process but before applying the up-pulling force.The suitable initial up-pulling moment of the inner mold is at around 180-198 s after the starting process.     

基于Fluent的高压水射流喷嘴优化模拟研究

为了提高高压水射流技术的破煤效率,采用Fluent软件对高压水射流的喷嘴结构和几何参数进行了优化模拟。通过分析水射流的轴向速度和壁面静压分布,选择了最佳的喷嘴结构和几何参数。结果表明:圆柱形喷嘴的最大射流速度发生在喷嘴内部,而锥形和锥直形喷嘴的最大射流速度发生在喷嘴外部,且锥形和锥直形喷嘴的最大射流速度和最大压力均明显大于圆柱形喷嘴,考虑到水射流的附壁效应,锥形喷嘴为最佳选择。锥形喷嘴的最优几何参数为:喷嘴出口直径3 mm,喷嘴锥角7°,喷嘴长度9 mm。高压水射流喷嘴的优化对提高煤层瓦斯抽采效率具有重要意义。     

Neoteric Mn2+-activated Cs3Cu2I5 dazzling yellow-emitting phosphors for white-LED

Neoteric Mn²⁺-activated Cs₃Cu₂I₅ yellow-emitting halides were achieved by the simple solid-state reaction route. The near-ultraviolet light was the suitable excitation lighting source for the resultant halides. The resultant halides exhibited bright yellow emission under the excitation of 378 nm and the optimum dopant content was 11 mol%. The multipole-multipole interaction contributed to the concentration quenching mechanism and the critical distance was 28.65 Å. The thermal resistance of the prepared compounds was identified by the temperature-dependent emission spectra. Ultimately, the designed light-emitting diode showed bright white light with satisfied color rendering index, proper color coordinate, and suitable correlated color temperature. These results indicated that the prepared yellow-emitting halides were suitable for indoor illumination.     

基于非线性动力学的锂沉积形貌模拟与预测

金属锂具有极高的理论能量密度，是新一代锂电池中最有潜力的负极材料之一。金属锂沉积时容易形成枝晶，极大影响了锂金属电池的安全性与使用寿命。但由于金属锂性质活泼，缺乏锂电极/电解液界面原位表征方法，锂枝晶生长机制尚不明确。通过有限元方法，基于非线性电极过程动力学，以三次电流模型定量研究了电极/电解液界面行为，并分析不同过程参数对表面电流的影响。结果表明，电极/电解质界面的浓度、电场差异是枝晶生长的主要原因，更大的扩散系数有利于提高界面浓度均匀性，更小的交换电流密度有利于减弱界面反应的敏感性。存在电化学极化区间是均匀沉积的必要条件，电化学极化区间越宽，均匀沉积操作窗口越宽。通过极化曲线可以判断体系是否具有均匀沉积的倾向。加深了对锂电极/电解液界面的电沉积过程的理解，对锂负极保护研究具有指导性意义。     

絮体表面形态对膜污染预测的影响

现有对混凝-膜过滤过程中膜污染的预测分析，一般采用XDLVO理论对光滑界面的作用能进行计算，但混凝絮体表面形态会对预测结果产生较大的影响。利用正弦波球体模型对粗糙腐殖酸(HA)絮体表面进行模拟，并通过表面元素积分法(SEI)结合XDLVO理论与复合辛普森规则，对不同粗糙程度的混凝絮体与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜的界面作用能进行量化模拟；并将结果与传统XDLVO理论模拟的光滑界面作用能进行了比较。实验结果表明，该模型适用于混凝-膜过滤体系中絮体界面作用能的模拟，同时在模拟过程中，由于粗糙度的不同会导致界面作用能在数值上存在1~2个数量级的差异；并且粗糙的絮体较完全光滑的絮体与膜污染趋势的拟合程度更高，即引入絮体表面形态对利用絮体与膜界面间相互作用能表征膜污染趋势的置信度更高。     

某油井P110油管腐蚀穿孔原因

西部油田某油井油管发生严重腐蚀甚至穿孔。通过宏观形貌和显微组织观察、化学成分分析、硬度测试、拉伸和冲击性能测试、腐蚀产物检测等方法对油管失效原因进行了分析。结果表明:油管在含Cl^-、H2S、CO2酸性环境下发生了均匀腐蚀和局部腐蚀。均匀腐蚀由H2S-CO2-H2O(Cl^-)体系引起的析氢腐蚀所致;而CaCO3沉积造成的微电偶效应以及Fe^2+与地层水中Cl^-的水合作用导致了油管的局部腐蚀穿孔。建议油井管材采用具有一定抗硫性的P110-3Cr钢或耐蚀性能更优的钢,并添加缓蚀阻垢剂进行防护。     

Yellow resistant photosensitive resin for digital light processing 3D printing

Digital light processing (DLP) has been studied and developed in the field of three-dimensional (3D) printing in recent years due to its fast curing rate and high resolution. To reduce the cost and viscosity of the resin system, the aromatic polyurethane acrylates (PUAs) were used as oligomer. The matrix resin called PUH₂ consists of oligomers (PUA, bisphenol A polyoxyethylene ether dimethyl acrylate) and active diluents (hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate). However, the photosensitive resin containing aromatic isocyanate groups was easily yellowed under ultraviolet light. In this article, we developed a resin for DLP 3D printing with yellowing resistance, excellent mechanical properties and high heat resistance. The optimal ratio of 3DP-PUH₂ resin was PUH₂/TPO/RYOJI-292/dye/nanosilica = 100/5/0.4/0.01/0.1, and its viscosity was 500 cp, which is suitable for DLP 3D printing. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48369.     

Modification of thermoplastic polyurethane nanofiber membranes by in situ polydopamine coating for tissue engineering

To improve the interaction between cells and scaffolds, the appropriate surface chemical property is very important for tissue engineering scaffolds. In this work, the dopamine (DA) was first introduced into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix to obtain TPU/DA nanofibers by electrospinning. Subsequently, the TPU@polydopamine (PDA) composite nanofibers with core/shell structure were fabricated by in situ polymerization of PDA. In comparison with TPU nanofibers, the uniformization of PDA coating layer on the surface of TPU/DA composite nanofibers significantly increased due to the addition of DA, which used as the active sites to guide the PDA particles accumulated along with the fiber direction. The hydrophilicity and water uptake ability of TPU@PDA composite nanofibers were larger than those of TPU nanofibers. The TPU@PDA composite nanofibers possess excellent comprehensive mechanical properties of high strength, stiffness, elasticity, and recoverability because of the hydrogen bonding occurrence between PDA and DA, as well as between PDA and TPU matrix. The attachment and viability of mouse embryonic osteoblasts cells (MC3T3-E1) cultured on TPU@PDA composite nanofibers were obviously enhanced compared with TPU nanofibers. Those results suggested that the modified TPU@PDA composite nanofibers have superior mechanical and biological properties, which promoting them potentially useful for tissue engineering scaffolds.